For quite long time we study aeroelectric problems in Vassenau near Ravensburg not far from Konstans lake, astronomic branch of Tubingen University. We are continuously measuring and recording the external electric field, and from time to time the concentration of positive and negative ions n-, n+, density of spacial electric charge and electric current from the atmosphere up to the ground surface. Sometimes we gauge the intensity of aeroelectric field subject to height with the help of radiosondes, which can be risen on the small height with the help of attached ballons, on the big height, up to 35 km, - with the help of meteorological ballons. From the radiosonde it is also measured the concentration of light ions and their mobility. (Picture 1) To measure light ions we use counter with two condensers.
The aims of our researches concerning the light ions were and are the following:
1. learning of their concentration variation depending on aerosol
2. influence of natural electric field and artificial electric fields on concentration of light ions
3. mobility of light ions in troposphere and stratosphere
That's why we made a great number of measurements in different places, there are some results: Concentration of positive ions n+ and negative ions n- (cm3) | n+ | n- | Atlantic ocean, from the scientific ship | 310 (80-660) | 220 (60-500) | North coast of Atlantic ocean, from the scientific ship | 290 | 220 | Silt island coast -North Sea | 460 | 390 | On Konstans Lake | 160 | 50 | Above the ground in pure air | visibility up to 50 km | 700 | 600 | visibility from 10 up to 20 km | 470 | 400 | Visibility from 1 up to 2 km | 240 | 200 | In Shtutguard city (Picture 2) | night | 250 | 220 | day | 120 | 100 |
Picture 1
Aeroelectric field E, concentration of positive ions n+, conduction l+ and mobility of positive ions in functions from height.
Picture 2
Progress of n+ and n- ions concentration and other parameters in Shtutguard, morning.
From all theses measured values, which are given at the average, follows the connection to aerosol concentration, which can be represented in the following relation:
n+-= C/M1/2,3
(M - is the concentration of aerosol particles, constant figure C contains the intensity of local ionization)
Now let's give some results, which were found while measurements of ion concentration indoors:
Concentration of positive ions n+ and negative ions n- (cm3) | n+ | n- | In research hall | 1300 | 700 | In room | 230 | 180 | In basement | 1280 | 860 | In places of textile industry | | | On spinning-factory | 250 | 100 | In printing house | 120 | 70 | In other places with water conditioning devices | 550 | 6000 |
There were very interesting results enclosed spaces, where the climate of ions should be changed by the artificial electric field.As it was supposed the concentration of light ions was lowered very much up to the following value
n+ = 70 cm3 n- = 35 cm3
Approximately in an hour when the artificial field was enabled the concentration of aerosol was half lowered. The natural electric field had the same effect. We called it the effect of electrode, because the aeroelectric field caught the light negative ions.
That's why it would be stated that the there was the great excess of light positive ions in comparison with negative ones. Actually above the ground this difference was not significant, but it could be easily noticed above the sea in light breeze.
For example let's see the results of Konstant Lake measurements:
n+ = 150 cm3 n- = 35 cm3
With the help of aerosondes at height of 20 km maximally we got 5000 per cm3, it meant that at large heights the concentration of air ions increased. (Picture 1)
According to our measurements the mobility of light ions was non-homogeneous and non-constant, it changed between 0,8 and 2,5 cm per second. It meant that the light ion was formed depending on presence of gas traces in the air. Thus we should analyse correlation between mobility of small ions and quality of aerosol admixtures and traces of gas in the air.
Maybe the light ion consists not only molecules of captured water, as says the new hypothesis of V.Monen, but also molecules of gas admixtures. And if so it will be very important for biological and physiological efficiency.
The article was written by Aydar Tuktagulov from materials of Tubingen University (Sapphire Company www.ionization.ru)
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